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9 changed files with 187 additions and 515 deletions
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.gitignore
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@ -297,5 +297,3 @@ TSWLatexianTemp*
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*.glstex
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*.glstex
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# End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/latex
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# End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/latex
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.DS_Store
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node {
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stage('Empty workspace') {
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sh 'rm -rd *'
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}
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stage('Pull git') {
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checkout scm
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}
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stage('Build PDF') {
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sh 'latexmk -c -xelatex -jobname=mathematik-v-zf Mathematik-V-ZF.tex'
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}
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stage('Archive PDF') {
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archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'mathematik-v-zf.pdf', followSymlinks: false
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}
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stage('Publish PDF') {
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sh 'scp -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa mathematik-v-zf.pdf thisfro@192.168.178.45:/opt/containers/apache2/html/download/latex-previews/mathematik-v-zf.pdf'
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}
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}
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@ -1,486 +0,0 @@
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\documentclass[8pt,landscape]{article}
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\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
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\usepackage{multicol}
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\usepackage{calc}
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\usepackage{bookmark}
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\usepackage{ifthen}
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\usepackage[a4paper, landscape]{geometry}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\usepackage{ccicons}
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\usepackage{amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb, amsthm}
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\usepackage{listings}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{fontawesome5}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage{float}
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\usepackage{apacite}
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\usepackage[
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type={CC},
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modifier={by-sa},
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version={3.0}
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]{doclicense}
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\graphicspath{{./img/}}
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\definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
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\definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
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\definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
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\definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.92}
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\lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{
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backgroundcolor=\color{backcolour},
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commentstyle=\color{codegreen},
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keywordstyle=\color{magenta},
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numberstyle=\tiny\color{codegray},
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stringstyle=\color{codepurple},
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basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,
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breakatwhitespace=false,
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breaklines=true,
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captionpos=b,
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keepspaces=true,
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numbers=left,
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numbersep=5pt,
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false,
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showtabs=false,
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tabsize=2
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}
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\lstset{style=mystyle}
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% To make this come out properly in landscape mode, do one of the following
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% 1.
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% pdflatex latexsheet.tex
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%
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% 2.
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% latex latexsheet.tex
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% dvips -P pdf -t landscape latexsheet.dvi
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% ps2pdf latexsheet.ps
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% If you're reading this, be prepared for confusion. Making this was
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% a learning experience for me, and it shows. Much of the placement
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% was hacked in; if you make it better, let me know...
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% 2008-04
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% Changed page margin code to use the geometry package. Also added code for
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% conditional page margins, depending on paper size. Thanks to Uwe Ziegenhagen
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% for the suggestions.
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% 2006-08
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% Made changes based on suggestions from Gene Cooperman. <gene at ccs.neu.edu>
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% To Do:
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% \listoffigures \listoftables
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% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
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% This sets page margins to .5 inch if using letter paper, and to 1cm
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% if using A4 paper. (This probably isn't strictly necessary.)
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% If using another size paper, use default 1cm margins.
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\ifthenelse{\lengthtest { \paperwidth = 11in}}
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{ \geometry{top=.5in,left=.5in,right=.5in,bottom=.5in} }
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{\ifthenelse{ \lengthtest{ \paperwidth = 297mm}}
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{\geometry{top=1cm,left=1cm,right=1cm,bottom=1cm} }
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{\geometry{top=1cm,left=1cm,right=1cm,bottom=1cm} }
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}
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% Turn off header and footer
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\pagestyle{empty}
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% Redefine section commands to use less space
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\makeatletter
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\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection{section}{1}{0mm}%
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{-1ex plus -.5ex minus -.2ex}%
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{0.5ex plus .2ex}%x
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{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
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\renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{0mm}%
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{-1explus -.5ex minus -.2ex}%
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{0.5ex plus .2ex}%
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{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
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\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{0mm}%
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{-1ex plus -.5ex minus -.2ex}%
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{1ex plus .2ex}%
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{\normalfont\small\bfseries}}
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\makeatother
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% Define BibTeX command
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\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
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T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
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% Don't print section numbers
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% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
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\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
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\setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus 0.5ex}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{document}
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\raggedright
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\footnotesize
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\begin{multicols*}{3}
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% multicol parameters
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% These lengths are set only within the two main columns
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%\setlength{\columnseprule}{0.25pt}
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\setlength{\premulticols}{1pt}
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\setlength{\postmulticols}{1pt}
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\setlength{\multicolsep}{1pt}
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\setlength{\columnsep}{2pt}
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\begin{center}
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\Large{ZF Mathematik V} \\
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\small{\href{http://www.vvz.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/lerneinheitPre.do?lerneinheitId=150657&semkez=2021S&lang=de}{701-0106-00L}} \\
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\small{Jannis Portmann \the\year} \\
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{\ccbysa}
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\rule{\linewidth}{0.25pt}
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\end{center}
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\section{Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen}
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\subsection{1. Ordnung}
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$$\frac{dH}{dt} = v_0 - \frac{H(t)}{\tau}$$
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Eine Lösung davon
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$$H(t) = (H_0 - v_0\tau)e^{\frac{-t}{\tau}} + v_0 \tau$$
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kann mit dem Ansatz
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$$N(t) = B + A e^{-{t/\tau}}$$
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hergeleitet werden.
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Also gilt für $t \rightarrow \infty$
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$$N(\infty) = v_0 \tau$$
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\subsection{Fliessgleichgewicht}
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Für eine Funktion $F$, bei
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$$\frac{dF}{dt} = 0$$
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\section{Vektoranalysis}
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\subsection{Satz von Gauss}
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$$\iint_A \mathrm{div} \, v \, dA = \oint_C \, v \, dr$$
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Flächenintegral der Divergenz von $v$ = Fluss von $v$ durch Rand $C$
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\subsection{Satz von Stokes}
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$$\iint_A \mathrm{rot} \, v \, dA = \iint_A \xi \, dA = \oint_C \, v \, ds$$
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Flächenintegral der Rotation von $v$ = Linienintegral von $v$ entlang $C$ (Zirkulation)
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\vspace{5pt}
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\textbf{Bsp} \\
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Für eine Vorticity-Dsik mit $\xi = \xi_0$, $r=2R$ soll $u_\varphi$ bei $r=4R$ berechnet werden. \\
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Der Satz von Stokes lifert:
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$$\xi_0 \cdot (2R)^2 \pi = \int_0^{2\pi}u_\varphi \cdot 4R \cdot d\varphi$$
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nach $u_\varphi$ auflösen: $u_\varphi = \frac{1}{2} \xi_0 R$
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\subsection{Koordinatentransformation}
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Wir verwenden meistens geographische Koordinaten.
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=.15\textwidth]{1024px-Geographic_coordinates_sphere.png}
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\caption{Geographisches Koorinatensystem}
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\label{fig:geo-coordinates}
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\end{figure}
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\vspace{5pt}
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Wir definieren für Kugelkoordinaten einen Würfel mit:
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$$dx = h_1 \, da$$
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$$dy = h_2 \, db$$
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$$dz = h_3 \, dc$$
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wobei jeweils $\vec{e_x} = \vec{e_a}$ etc. \\
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Aus dem obigen folgen mit dem Satz von Gauss:
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$$\mathrm{div} \, v = \frac{1}{h_1 \, h_2} \bigg(\frac{\partial}{\partial a}(u \, h_2) + \frac{\partial}{\partial b}(v \, h_1) \bigg)$$
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Analog mit dem Satz von Stokes:
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$$\xi = \frac{1}{r \, \cos\varphi} \frac{\partial v}{\partial \lambda} - \frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial u}{\partial \varphi} + \frac{\tan \varphi}{r} u$$
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Der letzte Term folgt aus der Produkteregel!
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\section{Matrixmethoden}
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\subsection{Equilibrium}
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Setze $\frac{df_i}{dn_j} = 0$ und löse Gleichungssystem
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\subsection{Jacobimatrix}
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$$J = \left( \begin{array}{ccc}
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\frac{\partial f_1}{\partial n_1} \ldots \frac{\partial f_1}{\partial n_k} \\
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\vdots \ddots \vdots \\
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\frac{\partial f_k}{\partial n_1} \ldots \frac{\partial f_k}{\partial n_k}
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\end{array} \right)$$
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Eigenwerte $\det(\textbf{J} - \lambda \textbf{I}) = 0$ wobei $\lambda \in \mathbb{C}, \lambda= x + iy$ \\
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\vspace{5pt}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $x < 0$ für alle $\lambda_i$: stabil \\
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\item $x = 0$ für mindestens ein $\lambda_i$: kann neutral sein \\
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\item $x > 0$ für mindestens ein $\lambda_i$: instabil \\
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\item $y > 0$ für mindestens ein $\lambda_i$: Oszillation um Equilibrium \\
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\item $x$ ist die Konvergenz-/Divergenz-Rate zum/vom Equlibrium \\
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\item $1/y$ ist die Periode der Oszillation
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection{SIR-Modell}
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SIR: Susceptible-Infected-Recovered \\
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\subsubsection{Single-Strain SIR}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=.25\textwidth]{SIR.png}
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\caption{SIR-Modell}
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\label{fig:sir}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{align*}
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\frac{dS}{dt} &= \Lambda - \delta_SS - \beta S I \\
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\frac{dI}{dt} &= \beta S I - \delta_I - rI \\
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\frac{dR}{dt} &= rI - \delta_R \\
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\end{align*}
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$\Lambda$: Geburten- oder Immigrationsrate \\
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$\delta_S, \delta_I, \delta_R$: Sterberaten der jeweiligen (Teil-)populationen \\
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$r$: Erholungsrate von $I$ \\
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$\beta S I$: Mass-action Infektionsrate \\
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Disease-free equilibrium:
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$$S_f = \Lambda / \delta_S, I_f=0, R_f=0$$
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\item Endemic equilibrium:
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$$S = \frac{\delta_1 + r}{\beta} , I_e=\frac{\Lambda}{\delta_1} - \frac{\delta_S}{\beta}, R_e = \frac{r}{\delta_R}(\frac{\Lambda}{\delta_1 + r} - \frac{\delta_S}{\beta})$$
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\end{itemize}
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Für das Disease-free equilibrium ergeben sich die Eigenwerte aus
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$$(-\delta_S - \lambda)(\frac{\beta \Lambda}{\delta_S} - \delta_I - r - \lambda)(- \delta R - \lambda) = 0$$
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also
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $\lambda_1 = -\delta_S$
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\item $\lambda_2 = -\delta_R$
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\item $\lambda_3 = \frac{\beta \Lambda}{\delta_S} - \delta_I - r$
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\end{itemize}
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\subsubsection*{Reproduktionszahl $R_0$}
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$$R_0 = \frac{\beta \Lambda}{\delta_S(\delta_I + r)} = \frac{\beta S_f}{\delta_I + r}$$
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\begin{itemize}
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\item $R_0 > 1$: Ausbreitung
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\item $R_0 < 1$: Aussterben
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\end{itemize}
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\subsubsection{Multi-Strain SIR}
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\begin{figure}[H]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=.25\textwidth]{SIR-2.png}
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\caption{SIR-Modell mit zwei verschiedenen Erregern}
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\label{fig:sir-2}
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\end{figure}
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Invasion von Strain (2), wenn $R_0^{(1)} < R_0^{(2)}$
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\section{Oszillation}
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\subsection{Reibungsfrei}
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$$\underbrace{\frac{D^2 \Delta z}{Dt^2}}_\text{Beschleunigung Luftpaket} + \underbrace{N^2 \Delta z}_\text{rücktreibende Kraft} = 0$$
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wobei $N^2 = \frac{g}{\theta}\frac{\partial \theta}{\partial z}$ die Brunt-Väisälla-Frequenz
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\vspace{10pt} \\
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Mögliche Lösungen davon
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$$\Delta z(t) = A \sin (Nt)$$
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$$\Delta z(t) = B \cos (Nt)$$
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$$\Delta z(t) = C \sin (Nt) + D \cos (Nt)$$
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$$\Delta z(t) = E \sin (Nt + \delta)$$
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oder in komplexer Schreibweise (Euler-Identität)
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$$\Delta z(t) = Ae^{iNt}$$
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\subsection{Mit Reibung}
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$$\frac{D^2 \Delta z}{Dt^2} + N^2 \Delta z + k \frac{D \Delta z}{D t} = 0$$
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Lösung mit Ansatz $\Delta z(t) = A e^{i \omega t}$, führt zu
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$$\omega^2 - ik\omega - N^2 = 0$$
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also $\omega_{1,2} = \frac{1}{2}(ik \pm \sqrt{4N^2 - k^2})$ und somit
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$$\Delta z(t) = A \exp(-\frac{1}{2}kt)\exp(\frac{1}{2}i\sqrt{4N^2 - k^2}t)$$
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\section{Wellengleichung}
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\subsection{1D-Welle}
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||||||
Für die Amplitude $\psi$
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||||||
$$\frac{\partial \psi}{\partial t^2} = c^2 \Delta \psi$$
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wobei $\Delta$ der Laplace-Operator ist. Somit im 1D-Fall
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$$\frac{\partial \psi}{\partial t^2} = c^2 \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial x^2}$$
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Eine Lösung davon
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||||||
$$\psi(x,t) = A \sin(kx - \omega t) = A \sin \big[k(x-ct)\big]$$
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||||||
wobei $k$ die Wellenzahl und $\omega$ die Kreisfrequenz ist. Es gilt $c = \frac{\omega}{k}$, was gerade der Phasengeschwindigkeit entspricht. \\
|
|
||||||
\vspace{5pt}
|
|
||||||
Wir beobachten für $c > 0$ eine Verschiebung des Wellenmusters in positiver x-Richtung. \\
|
|
||||||
\subsubsection{Kennzahlen}
|
|
||||||
Phasengeschwindigkeit $v_p = c = \frac{\omega}{k}$ \\
|
|
||||||
Wellenlänge $\lambda = \frac{2\pi}{k}$ \\
|
|
||||||
Periode $\tau = \frac{2\pi}{\omega}$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsubsection{Wellenüberlagerung}
|
|
||||||
Für die Gruppengeschwindigkeit zweier überlagerter Wellen mit $k_1 \neq k_2$ und $\omega_1 \neq \omega_2$ gilt
|
|
||||||
$$v_g = \frac{d \omega}{d k} \approx \frac{\Delta \omega}{\Delta k}$$
|
|
||||||
Dispersion tritt auf, falls $v_g \neq v_p$ (in der Praxis meist der Fall)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{2D-Welle}
|
|
||||||
Für eine Linie konstanter Phase (Phasenlinie)
|
|
||||||
$$kx + ly - \omega t = \mathrm{const.}$$
|
|
||||||
Die Ausbreitung verläuft senkrecht auf diese Linien, was entlang dem Wellenvektor $\vec{h}$ entspricht. \\
|
|
||||||
\begin{figure}[H]
|
|
||||||
\centering
|
|
||||||
\includegraphics[width=.25\textwidth]{phasenlinien.png}
|
|
||||||
\caption{Phasenlinien einer 2D-Welle}
|
|
||||||
\label{fig:phasenlinien}
|
|
||||||
\end{figure}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsubsection{Kennzahlen}
|
|
||||||
Für die Wellenlängen gilt
|
|
||||||
$$\lambda_x = 2\pi / k, \; \lambda_y = 2\pi / l$$
|
|
||||||
bzw. die Wellenlänge entlang der Ausbreitung
|
|
||||||
$$\lambda = \frac{2\pi}{\sqrt{k^2 + l^2}}$$
|
|
||||||
Der Wellenvektor ist
|
|
||||||
$$\vec{h} = (k,l)$$
|
|
||||||
Die Phasengeschwindigkeit
|
|
||||||
$$v_p = \frac{\omega}{\sqrt{k^2 + l^2}}$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Komplexer Wellenansatz}
|
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
|
||||||
\item 1D: $A e^{i(kx - \omega t)}$
|
|
||||||
\item 2D: $A e^{i(kx + ly - \omega t)}$
|
|
||||||
\item 3D: $A e^{i(kx + ly + mz - \omega t)}$
|
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section{Transportgleichung}
|
|
||||||
Sei $\phi(x,y,z,t)$ ein physikalisches Feld mit Punkten $P(x,y,z)$ über die Zeit.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Euler'sche Perspektive}
|
|
||||||
Beobachtung am Punkt $P(x_0,y_0,z_0)$ wird gemessen:
|
|
||||||
$$\phi^E(t) = \phi(x_0,y_0,z_0,t)$$
|
|
||||||
Die zeitliche Änderung
|
|
||||||
$$\dot{\phi}^E(t) = \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \phi(x_0,y_0,z_0,t)$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Lagrange'sche Perspektive}
|
|
||||||
Messung wird "mitgetragen", entlang einer Trajektorie $\vec{x}(t)$
|
|
||||||
$$\phi^L(t) = \phi(x(t),y(t),z(t),t)$$
|
|
||||||
Die zeitliche Änderung (materielle Ableitung)
|
|
||||||
$$\dot{\phi}^L(t) = \frac{D}{D t} \phi = \frac{d}{dt} \phi \bigg( x(t),y(t),z(t),t \bigg) = \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t}+\vec{u} \cdot \nabla\phi$$
|
|
||||||
Wobei $\vec{u}$ z.B. die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Beliebiger Pfad}
|
|
||||||
Als Beispiel bewegen wir uns in einem Flugzeug mit der Geschwindigkeit $\vec{v_F}$, dann gilt für die Veränderung
|
|
||||||
$$\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t}\bigg|_F = \frac{D \phi}{D t} + (\vec{v_F} - \vec{u}) \cdot \nabla \phi$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Quellen und Senken}
|
|
||||||
Langrange'sche Perspektive
|
|
||||||
$$\frac{D \phi}{D t} = s$$
|
|
||||||
Analog für Euler
|
|
||||||
$$\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} = s - \vec{u}\cdot\nabla\phi$$
|
|
||||||
Man Beachte den Advektionsterm $\vec{u}\cdot\nabla\phi$!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section{Folgen und Reihen}
|
|
||||||
Folge: $\{a_n\} = a_1,a_2,...,a_n,a_{n+1},...$ \\
|
|
||||||
Reihe: $\{s_n\} = s_1,s_2,...,s_n,s_{n+1},...$, wobei
|
|
||||||
$$s_n = \sum_{k=1}^{k=n}a_k$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Bildungsgesetze}
|
|
||||||
\textbf{Explizit}
|
|
||||||
$a_n$ kann direkt berechnet werden, z.B. $a_n = n$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\textbf{Rekursiv}
|
|
||||||
$a_n$ wird als Funktion von $a_{n-1}$ angegeben, z.B. $a_n = a_{n-1} + 1$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Arithmetische Folge}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Geometrische Folge}
|
|
||||||
Verhältnis von zwei aufeinander folgenden Gliedern ist konstant
|
|
||||||
$$\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}=q , \, a_n = a_1 q^{n-1}$$
|
|
||||||
Daraus folgt die \textbf{geometrische Reihe}
|
|
||||||
$$s_n = \sum_{k=1}^{k=n}a_1 q^{k-1} = a_1 \frac{1-q^n}{1-q}$$
|
|
||||||
für $|q| < 1$
|
|
||||||
$$\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} s_n = a_1 \frac{1}{1-q}$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Fraktale Geometrie}
|
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
|
||||||
\item $R$ = Anzahl Teillängen
|
|
||||||
\item $P$ = Löcher/Poren
|
|
||||||
\item $F$ = Anzahl Felder (1D: $R$, 2D: $R^2$, 3D: $R^3$) - P
|
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsubsection{Hausdorff-Dimension}
|
|
||||||
Für Betrachtungen geometrischer Objekte mit Seitenlängen $N(R)$ gilt
|
|
||||||
$$D = \frac{\log F}{\log R}$$
|
|
||||||
Wenn $D$ nicht ganzzahlig $\rightarrow$ Fraktal
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsubsection{Präfraktale}
|
|
||||||
Als Präfraktale werden Fraktale einer bestimmter Ordnung verstanden. Ordnung 5 entspricht 5 Bildungsschritten. Ein ideales Fraktal besteht aus unendlich solcher Schritte. Ordnung 1 entspricht dem \textbf{Generator}.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Beispiel}
|
|
||||||
Wenden Sie die zugrunde liegende Vorschrift für einen Würfel der Grösse $L=360\mu m$ für unendlich viele Iterationen
|
|
||||||
an unter der Annahme, dass «die Löcher» Körner sind. In jeder Iteration werden aus einem Würfel der Kantenlänge $l$ 27 kleine Würfel der Kantenlänge $l/3$ erzeugt; 7 werden davon weggenommen (als Loch dargestellt, das hier ein Korn sein soll) und 20 kleine
|
|
||||||
Würfel bleiben übrig, die dann wieder verkleinert werden. \\
|
|
||||||
\vspace{.2cm}
|
|
||||||
Zeigen sie, dass die in jeder Iteration erzeugten Kornvolumen durch eine geometrische Folge
|
|
||||||
dargestellt werden. \\
|
|
||||||
\vspace{.2cm}
|
|
||||||
Wir bilden die Folge der in einer Iteration $n$ erzeugten Kornvolumen, $V_n$ , in der Einheit von
|
|
||||||
Kubikmikrometern um $^3$. In jeder Iteration $n$ wird folgendes Kornvolumen erzeugt:
|
|
||||||
$$V_n = 20^{n-1} \cdot 7 \cdot \bigg(\frac{360}{3^n}\bigg)^3$$
|
|
||||||
Das Verhältnis von zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Folgegliedern ist:
|
|
||||||
$$\frac{V_{n+1}}{V_n} = \frac{20^{n} \cdot 7 \cdot \big(\frac{360}{3^n}\big)^3}{20^{n-1} \cdot 7 \cdot \big(\frac{360}{3^{n+1}}\big)^3} = \frac{20}{3^3}$$
|
|
||||||
dieses Verhältnis ist offensichtlich von der Iterationszahl $n$ unabhängig und konstant, es handelt sich also um eine geometrische Folge. \\
|
|
||||||
\vspace{.2cm}
|
|
||||||
Die kumulierten Kornvolumen bilden dann eine geometrische Reihe $s_n$, mit der Formel
|
|
||||||
$$s_n = a_1 \frac{1-q^n}{1-q}$$
|
|
||||||
wobei $a_1 = V_1$ und $q=\frac{20}{27}$. Wir erhalten
|
|
||||||
$$s_n = \sum_{i=1}^{i=n} V_i = V_1 \frac{1-(\frac{20}{27})^n}{1-\frac{20}{27}} = ... = 360^3 \bigg(1- \bigg(\frac{20}{27}\bigg)^n\bigg)$$
|
|
||||||
Berechnen sie das in unendlich vielen Iterationen erzeugte Kornvolumen $s_\infty$
|
|
||||||
$$s_\infty = V_1 \frac{1}{1-\frac{20}{27}} = 360^3 = 46.656\cdot 10^6 \mu m^3$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\subsection{Anwendung in der Bodenphysik}
|
|
||||||
\subsubsection{Wassersättigung}
|
|
||||||
$$\Theta = \frac{\theta(h)}{\theta_s} = \bigg(\frac{h_b}{h}\bigg)^\lambda$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section{Taylor-Reihe}
|
|
||||||
An der stelle $a$ einer Funtkion $f(x)$
|
|
||||||
$$f(a) + \frac{f'(a)}{1!}(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \frac{f'''(a)}{3!}(x-a)^3 + ...$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section{Operatoren}
|
|
||||||
$$\mathrm{div} \, \vec{u} = \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial y}$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$$\mathrm{rot} \, \vec{u_{xy}} = \nabla \times \vec{u} = (\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial u}{\partial y})$$
|
|
||||||
$$\mathrm{rot} \, \vec{u_{xyz}} = \nabla \times \vec{u} = (\frac{\partial w}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial v}{\partial z}, \frac{\partial u}{\partial z} - \frac{\partial w}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial u}{\partial y})$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$$\nabla = \begin{pmatrix}
|
|
||||||
\frac{\partial}{\partial x},
|
|
||||||
\frac{\partial}{\partial y},
|
|
||||||
\frac{\partial}{\partial z}
|
|
||||||
\end{pmatrix}$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$$\Delta \psi = \nabla^2 \psi = \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial z^2}$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\scriptsize
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section*{Copyleft}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\doclicenseImage \\
|
|
||||||
Dieses Dokument ist unter (CC BY-SA 3.0) freigegeben \\
|
|
||||||
\faGlobeEurope \kern 1em \url{https://n.ethz.ch/~jannisp} \\
|
|
||||||
\faGit \kern 0.88em \url{https://git.thisfro.ch/thisfro/mathematik-v-zf} \\
|
|
||||||
Jannis Portmann, FS21
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section*{Referenzen}
|
|
||||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
|
||||||
\item Skript zur Vorlesung
|
|
||||||
\end{enumerate}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\section*{Bildquellen}
|
|
||||||
\begin{itemize}
|
|
||||||
\item Abb. \ref{fig:geo-coordinates}: E\^(nix) \& ttog, \url{https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographische_Koordinaten#/media/Datei:Geographic_coordinates_sphere.svg}
|
|
||||||
\item Abb. \ref{fig:sir}, \ref{fig:sir-2}: Vorlesungsunterlagen
|
|
||||||
\item Abb. \ref{fig:phasenlinien}: Jannis Portmann, basierend auf Vorlesungsunterlagen
|
|
||||||
\end{itemize}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end{multicols*}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end{document}
|
|
|
@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
|
||||||
# Mathematik V ZF
|
# Mathematik V ZF
|
||||||
[![CC BY-SA 3.0][cc-by-sa-shield]][cc-by-sa]
|
[![CC BY-SA 3.0][cc-by-sa-shield]][cc-by-sa]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Zusammenfassung für die Vorlesung [*Mathematik V*](http://www.vvz.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/lerneinheit.view?lerneinheitId=150657&semkez=2021S&ansicht=LEHRVERANSTALTUNGEN&lang=de) bei M. A. Sprenger und weitere Dozenten im FS21.
|
Zusammenfassung für die Vorlesung *Mathematik V* bei M. A. Sprenger im FS21.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Kompiliertes `.pdf`
|
## Kompiliertes `.pdf`
|
||||||
Findest du hier: https://n.ethz.ch/~jannisp/download/Mathematik-V/
|
Findest du hier: https://n.ethz.ch/~jannisp/download/Mathematik-V/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Vorschau-PDF werden automatisch unter https://server.thisfro.ch/download/latex-previews/ veröffentlicht.
|
|
||||||
:warning: Achtung: Diese sind meist noch nicht fertig!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Änderungen
|
## Änderungen
|
||||||
Falls du irgendwelche Fehler findest oder Sache ergänzen willst, darfst du die gerne selbst korrigieren/einfügen und einen Pull request öffnen. Ansonsten kontaktiere mich direkt ([jannisp](jannispmailto:jannisp@student.ethz.ch)).
|
Falls du irgendwelche Fehler findest oder Sache ergänzen willst, darfst du die gerne selbst korrigieren/einfügen und einen Pull request öffnen. Ansonsten kontaktiere mich direkt ([jannisp](jannispmailto:jannisp@student.ethz.ch)).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Copyleft
|
## Copyleft
|
||||||
Ausser den Grafiken unterliegt die Zusammenfassung der [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 International License][cc-by-sa].
|
Ausser den Grafiken unterliegte die Zusammenfassung der [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 International License][cc-by-sa].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[![CC BY-SA 3.0][cc-by-sa-image]][cc-by-sa]
|
[![CC BY-SA 3.0][cc-by-sa-image]][cc-by-sa]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
184
Wettersysteme-ZF.tex
Normal file
184
Wettersysteme-ZF.tex
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
|
||||||
|
\documentclass[8pt,landscape]{article}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{multicol}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{calc}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{bookmark}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{ifthen}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage[a4paper, landscape]{geometry}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{hyperref}
|
||||||
|
% \usepackage{ccicons}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb, amsthm}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{listings}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{graphicx}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{fontawesome5}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{xcolor}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{float}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage{apacite}
|
||||||
|
\usepackage[
|
||||||
|
type={CC},
|
||||||
|
modifier={by-sa},
|
||||||
|
version={3.0}
|
||||||
|
]{doclicense}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\graphicspath{{./img/}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
|
||||||
|
\definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
|
||||||
|
\definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
|
||||||
|
\definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.92}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{
|
||||||
|
backgroundcolor=\color{backcolour},
|
||||||
|
commentstyle=\color{codegreen},
|
||||||
|
keywordstyle=\color{magenta},
|
||||||
|
numberstyle=\tiny\color{codegray},
|
||||||
|
stringstyle=\color{codepurple},
|
||||||
|
basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,
|
||||||
|
breakatwhitespace=false,
|
||||||
|
breaklines=true,
|
||||||
|
captionpos=b,
|
||||||
|
keepspaces=true,
|
||||||
|
numbers=left,
|
||||||
|
numbersep=5pt,
|
||||||
|
showspaces=false,
|
||||||
|
showstringspaces=false,
|
||||||
|
showtabs=false,
|
||||||
|
tabsize=2
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\lstset{style=mystyle}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% To make this come out properly in landscape mode, do one of the following
|
||||||
|
% 1.
|
||||||
|
% pdflatex latexsheet.tex
|
||||||
|
%
|
||||||
|
% 2.
|
||||||
|
% latex latexsheet.tex
|
||||||
|
% dvips -P pdf -t landscape latexsheet.dvi
|
||||||
|
% ps2pdf latexsheet.ps
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% If you're reading this, be prepared for confusion. Making this was
|
||||||
|
% a learning experience for me, and it shows. Much of the placement
|
||||||
|
% was hacked in; if you make it better, let me know...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% 2008-04
|
||||||
|
% Changed page margin code to use the geometry package. Also added code for
|
||||||
|
% conditional page margins, depending on paper size. Thanks to Uwe Ziegenhagen
|
||||||
|
% for the suggestions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% 2006-08
|
||||||
|
% Made changes based on suggestions from Gene Cooperman. <gene at ccs.neu.edu>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% To Do:
|
||||||
|
% \listoffigures \listoftables
|
||||||
|
% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% This sets page margins to .5 inch if using letter paper, and to 1cm
|
||||||
|
% if using A4 paper. (This probably isn't strictly necessary.)
|
||||||
|
% If using another size paper, use default 1cm margins.
|
||||||
|
\ifthenelse{\lengthtest { \paperwidth = 11in}}
|
||||||
|
{ \geometry{top=.5in,left=.5in,right=.5in,bottom=.5in} }
|
||||||
|
{\ifthenelse{ \lengthtest{ \paperwidth = 297mm}}
|
||||||
|
{\geometry{top=1cm,left=1cm,right=1cm,bottom=1cm} }
|
||||||
|
{\geometry{top=1cm,left=1cm,right=1cm,bottom=1cm} }
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% Turn off header and footer
|
||||||
|
\pagestyle{empty}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
% Redefine section commands to use less space
|
||||||
|
\makeatletter
|
||||||
|
\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection{section}{1}{0mm}%
|
||||||
|
{-1ex plus -.5ex minus -.2ex}%
|
||||||
|
{0.5ex plus .2ex}%x
|
||||||
|
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
|
||||||
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\renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{0mm}%
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{-1explus -.5ex minus -.2ex}%
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{0.5ex plus .2ex}%
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{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
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\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{0mm}%
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{-1ex plus -.5ex minus -.2ex}%
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{1ex plus .2ex}%
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{\normalfont\small\bfseries}}
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\makeatother
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% Define BibTeX command
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\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
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T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
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% Don't print section numbers
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% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
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\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
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\setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus 0.5ex}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{document}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\raggedright
|
||||||
|
\footnotesize
|
||||||
|
\begin{multicols*}{4}
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% multicol parameters
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% These lengths are set only within the two main columns
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%\setlength{\columnseprule}{0.25pt}
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\setlength{\premulticols}{1pt}
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\setlength{\postmulticols}{1pt}
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\setlength{\multicolsep}{1pt}
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\setlength{\columnsep}{2pt}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{center}
|
||||||
|
\Large{ZF Mathematik V} \\
|
||||||
|
\small{701-0106-00L Mathematik V, bei M. A. Sprenger} \\
|
||||||
|
\small{Jannis Portmann \the\year}
|
||||||
|
\end{center}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin{center}
|
||||||
|
\rule{\linewidth}{0.25pt}
|
||||||
|
\end{center}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section{Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen}
|
||||||
|
\subsection{1. Ordnung}
|
||||||
|
$$\frac{dH}{dt} = v_0 - \frac{H(t)}{\tau}$$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Eine Lösung davon
|
||||||
|
$$H(t) = (H_0 - v_0\tau)^{\frac{-t}{\tau}} + v_0 \tau$$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section{Taylor-Reihe}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section{Operators}
|
||||||
|
$$\mathrm{rot} \ u = \nabla \times \vec{u}$$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$$\nabla = \begin{pmatrix}
|
||||||
|
\frac{\partial}{\partial x},
|
||||||
|
\frac{\partial}{\partial y},
|
||||||
|
\frac{\partial}{\partial z}
|
||||||
|
\end{pmatrix}$$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\scriptsize
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section{Copyleft}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\doclicenseImage \\
|
||||||
|
Dieses Dokument ist unter (CC BY-SA 3.0) freigegeben \\
|
||||||
|
\faGlobeEurope \kern 1em \url{https://n.ethz.ch/~jannisp} \\
|
||||||
|
\faGit \kern 0.88em \url{https://git.thisfro.ch/thisfro/wettersysteme-zf} \\
|
||||||
|
Jannis Portmann, HS20
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\section{Referenzen}
|
||||||
|
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||||
|
\item Skript zur Vorlesung
|
||||||
|
\end{enumerate}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\end{multicols*}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\end{document}
|
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