diff --git a/img/eta.png b/img/eta.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..01db191 Binary files /dev/null and b/img/eta.png differ diff --git a/main.bib b/main.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f0cfa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/main.bib @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +@misc{wernliLectureScript, + title = {Lecture {{Script}}}, + author = {Wernli, Heini and Papritz, Lukas}, + url = {https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/usys/iac/iac-dam/documents/edu/courses/dynamics_of_large_scale_flow/LSD_2022.pdf}, + urldate = {2022-09-10}, + file = {/Users/thisfro/Zotero/storage/ERN2IM82/Lecture Script.pdf} +} diff --git a/main.tex b/main.tex index 7922f38..040eb93 100644 --- a/main.tex +++ b/main.tex @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -\documentclass[8pt,landscape]{article} +\documentclass[landscape]{article} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage{calc} \usepackage{bookmark} @@ -13,12 +14,15 @@ \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{apacite} +\usepackage{physics} +\usepackage[style=authoryear]{biblatex} \usepackage[ type={CC}, modifier={by-sa}, version={3.0} ]{doclicense} +\addbibresource{main.bib} \graphicspath{{./img/}} \definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} @@ -148,12 +152,12 @@ \subsection{Fundamental equations} \subsubsection{Navier-Stokes} \begin{equation} - \frac{Du}{Dt} = \underbrace{-\frac{1}{\rho}\nabla p}_\mathrm{Pressure} - \underbrace{(2\Omega \times u)}_\mathrm{Coriolis} - \underbrace{g'K}_\mathrm{Gravity} + \underbrace{F^{**}}_\mathrm{Viscous} + \frac{D\vb{u}}{Dt} = \underbrace{-\frac{1}{\rho}\nabla p}_\mathrm{Pressure} - \underbrace{(2\Omega \times \vb{u})}_\mathrm{Coriolis} - \underbrace{g'K}_\mathrm{Gravity} + \underbrace{F^{**}}_\mathrm{Viscous} \end{equation} \subsubsection{Conservation of mass} \begin{equation} - \frac{D \rho}{Dt} + \rho(\nabla u) = 0 + \frac{D \rho}{Dt} + \rho(\nabla \vb{u}) = 0 \end{equation} \subsubsection{First law of thermodynamics} @@ -182,13 +186,30 @@ if $\mathcal{H} = 0$, the process is \textit{adiabatic} \frac{D_h}{Dt} \zeta + \beta v = -f_0(\nabla_h \vec{v}) \end{equation} +\subsection{Geostrophic streamfunction} +\begin{equation} + \nabla_h \psi = \zeta_G +\end{equation} + +\subsection{Wave theory} +\subsubsection*{Pertubation tendency} +\begin{equation} + \psi = \underbrace{\bar{\psi}(y,z)}_\mathrm{Mean \, meridional \, flow} + \underbrace{\psi'(x,y,z,t)}_\mathrm{Pertubation} +\end{equation} +assuming $|\psi'| \ll |\bar{\psi}|$ + + +\begin{equation} + \bigg(\frac{\partial}{\partial t} + \mathcal{U} \bigg) q' + v'(\frac{\partial}{\partial y} \bar{q} + \beta) = 0 +\end{equation} +with $\mathcal{U} = - \frac{\partial \bar{\psi}}{\partial y}$ + \section{Concepts} \subsection{Thermal wind} \textit{Thermal wind} describes the vertical change of geostrophic (i.e. horizontal) wind \begin{equation} - \frac{\partial}{\partial z} v_G = \bigg(\frac{1}{f}\frac{g}{\theta_0}\bigg)(k \times \nabla_h \theta^*) + \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \vb{v_G} = \bigg(\frac{1}{f}\frac{g}{\theta_0}\bigg)(\vb{k} \times \nabla_h \theta^*) \end{equation} - \subsection{$Q$-Vector} The $Q$-Vector indicates if there is cyclogenesis ($\mathcal{F} < 0$, $\mathcal{F} \sim \nabla_h Q$) \vspace{2mm} \\ @@ -199,10 +220,28 @@ How to determine the $Q$-Vector on weather charts: \item Large temperature gradient \item Strong wind change \end{itemize} - \item Determine wind-change vector - \item Rotate that vector by $+90^\circ$ + \item Determine wind-change vector along $\eta$ (warm to the right, see Figure~\ref{Q-eta}) + \item Rotate that vector by $-90^\circ$ \end{enumerate} +\begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.1\textwidth]{eta.png} + \caption{Direction of $\eta$} + \label{Q-eta} +\end{figure} + +\begin{equation} + \vb{Q} = -\frac{g}{\theta_0}|\nabla_h\theta^{*}|(\vb{k} \wedge \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi}\vb{v_G}) +\end{equation} + +\subsection{PV streamer} +\begin{itemize} + \item is an upper level positive PV anomaly + \item induces cyclonal flow +\end{itemize} + + \scriptsize \section*{Copyleft} @@ -213,14 +252,11 @@ This document is released under (CC BY-SA 3.0) \\ \faGit \kern 0.88em \url{https://git.thisfro.ch/thisfro/lsd-zf} \\ Jannis Portmann, HS22 -\section*{References} -\begin{enumerate} - \item Script: LSD\_22.pdf -\end{enumerate} +\printbibliography \section*{Image sources} \begin{itemize} - \item Bild + \item Figure~\ref{Q-eta} (Skript, \cite{wernliLectureScript}) \end{itemize} \end{multicols*}