Writedown of questions
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							|  | @ -0,0 +1,95 @@ | |||
| \documentclass{exam} | ||||
| \usepackage{physics} | ||||
| \usepackage{siunitx} | ||||
| \usepackage{graphicx} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \RenewCommandCopy\qty\SI | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \begin{document} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \title{\huge{Exam 2023} \\ \large{Dynamics Large Scale of Atmospheric Flow}} | ||||
| \date{Time: \qty{2}{\hour}} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \maketitle | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \begin{questions} | ||||
| \question State if the following are true or false | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Potential temperature is bigger at poles than at mid-latitudes | ||||
|     \part Warm advection is associated with clockwise turning of the wind field | ||||
|     \part Two potential vorticity anomalies of equal strength but opposite sign propagate parallel to each other | ||||
|     \part The ageostrophic wind in the extra-tropics is typically smaller than the geostrophic wind | ||||
|     \part Diabatic heating produces PV constantly | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| \begin{center} | ||||
|     \dots | ||||
| \end{center} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \question The Navier-Stokes equation is given as | ||||
| \begin{equation}\label{navier-stokes} | ||||
|     \frac{D\vb{u}}{Dt} + (2\Omega \wedge r) = -\frac{1}{\rho}\nabla p + \vb{G^*} + \vb{F} | ||||
| \end{equation} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Explain each part of Equation~(\ref{navier-stokes}). Which are relevent on a synoptic scale? | ||||
|     \part How does the coriolis force affect air parcels at the equator with a velocity of \qty{10}{\meter\per\second} (a), at \qty{45}{\degree} with \qty{60}{\meter\per\second} (b) and at the pole with a velocity of \qty{0}{\meter\per\second} (c)? | ||||
|     \part How is the pressure gradient at these three points? | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \question A weather chart is given | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Cut drawn on map, draw vertical cross section with dynamic tropopause, isentropes and winds | ||||
|     \part How is the Q vector, where is ascent/descent? | ||||
|     \part How is the weather in norway? | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \question Diabatic cooling and heating (Some formulas given) | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Sketch a profile of $\dot{\theta}$ with a maximum of PV production at 3000m height | ||||
|     \part How does $\theta$ and PV evolve along a trajectory over of an air parcel ascending through a zone of evaporation cooling and then through a zone of condensation heating? Draw a diagram | ||||
|     \part How would it change, if the trajectory crosses the maximum of heating/cooling? | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \question Rossby waves with given dispersion relation | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Given formula for $n^2$, show that it follows from dispersion relation | ||||
|     \part Derive $U_\mathrm{crit}$ for $n > 0$ using the condition $0 < U_0 < U_\mathrm{crit}$ | ||||
|     \part Why can't synoptic Rossby waves propagate into the stratosphere? Use the condition from above to explain | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \question Consider the wind field $\vb{v} = (u, v)$ in the domain $x \in [0,L]$, $y \in [-d,d]$ with | ||||
| \begin{align*} | ||||
|     u &= U_0 \sin(\pi \frac{x}{L}) \sin(\pi \frac{y}{d}) \\ | ||||
|     v &= 0 | ||||
| \end{align*} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \begin{equation}\label{vorticity} | ||||
|     \zeta = -\frac{\partial u}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial x}  | ||||
| \end{equation} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \begin{equation}\label{wind-change} | ||||
|     \nabla \vb{v} = \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} | ||||
| \end{equation} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Sketch the wind field | ||||
|     \part Calculate vorticity using Equation~(\ref{vorticity}). Where are the extrema? | ||||
|     \part Calulate the wind change using Equation~(\ref{wind-change}). Where are the extrema? | ||||
|     \part Calculate the vorticity change over \qty{1}{\hour} with given formula using parts from b) and c) | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \question Eady problem | ||||
| \begin{figure}[hbt] | ||||
|     \centering | ||||
|     \includegraphics[height=5cm]{growth-rate.png} | ||||
|     \caption{Growth rate vs wave number (given without red annotations)} | ||||
|     \label{growth-rate} | ||||
| \end{figure} | ||||
| \begin{parts} | ||||
|     \part Explain the cyclonic development using less than 100 words and the terms \textit{tilted isentropes}, \textit{potential temperature anomaly}, \textit{intensification} and \textit{vertical coupling} | ||||
|     \part Explain Figure~\ref{growth-rate} | ||||
|     \part Calculate e-folding time for most unstable wave using given formula | ||||
| \end{parts} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \end{questions} | ||||
| \end{document} | ||||
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